{"id":"W1984199272","doi":"10.1215/03616878-28-4-615","title":"Emergent Patterns in the Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: Institutions and Interests in the United States, Canada, Britain, and France","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","topic":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Harmonization; Discretion; Adjudication; Negotiation; European union; Political science; Globalization; Regulatory competition; Government (linguistics); Business; Divergence (linguistics); Adversarial system; Public administration; Public economics; International trade; Law and economics; Economics; Corporate governance; Law; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007142413,0.0001830666,0.0004264198,0.003848488,0.01087194,0.01648431,0.001463989,0.003166664,0.002872211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01008653,0.0004088306,0.0005878102,0.006057582,0.01737997,0.002614981,0.002748503,0.003136277,0.0001866944],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1357986,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09520651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9206143,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9299438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9889176,0.002231264,0.0003091636,0.001197472,0.003620447,0.003723974],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889009,0.00388222,0.001257965,0.0004301141,0.004116035,0.001412839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005875557,0.00003020315,0.01494866,0.0000663187,0.00003743346,0.0002520101,0.02943706,0.001427043,0.0005826107,0.9322323,0.003690166,0.01723739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002176633,0.0001158645,0.2625362,0.0009854512,0.0001793851,0.0004090848,0.10791,0.008153224,0.002643411,0.2154374,0.4010594,0.0003528445],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.508957,0.005485686,0.00583,0.04751374,0.00007924381,0.0001500287,0.000363667,0.00007756257,0.431543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841273,0.001059193,0.001262818,0.002640535,0.0000156981,0.00004270931,0.00008127234,0.00001881303,0.01075149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8642014,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9852924,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4038814851478038,"score_gpt":0.5662581006959008,"score_spread":0.162376615548097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}