{"id":"W1984590571","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0062030","title":"Lifelong Exposure to Multilingualism: New Evidence to Support Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":124,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"York University; Université du Luxembourg","keywords":"Multilingualism; Cognition; Neuropsychology; Dementia; Odds ratio; Medicine; Confidence interval; Neuroscience of multilingualism; Psychology; Gerontology; Demography; Developmental psychology; Clinical psychology; Psychiatry; Pedagogy; Internal medicine; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001027273,0.0003708489,0.0003576677,0.001026457,0.0002440435,0.0006578668,0.0005525932,0.0006372887,0.001852286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003697976,0.0001520944,0.0003879953,0.000536841,0.0006983608,0.0004282601,0.0006280321,0.0004160831,0.0001773297],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001450104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002650172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001794302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001767035,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996338,0.0001136764,0.00002982987,0.000102483,0.00006804062,0.00005222196],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959762,0.001323388,0.001707332,0.0003053182,0.0002601661,0.0004277102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008294437,0.0001278824,0.9865622,0.000129153,0.0003940689,0.0006387952,0.0004427485,0.00004590592,0.0009308847,0.0001568917,0.0001029166,0.009639093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001218419,0.000383569,0.9978784,0.00004073751,0.0001396379,0.0005645482,0.0002345241,0.00007093867,0.0001285757,0.0002097232,0.0003330146,0.000004168267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935441,0.004963858,0.0001756292,0.0002446929,0.00001589802,0.000003199186,0.00009547968,0.000005200741,0.0009520314],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987755,0.0008286928,0.00009885901,0.00004516975,0.00005732804,0.000002212832,0.00006492544,0.000001462077,0.000125802],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001852286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006196499,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2314248409462661,"score_gpt":0.319181600524384,"score_spread":0.08775675957811793,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}