{"id":"W1984634829","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8306.2006.00483.x","title":"The Causes of City-Suburban Political Polarization? A Canadian Case Study","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers","topic":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":80,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Voting; Ethnic group; Polarization (electrochemistry); Cleavage (geology); Geography; Voting behavior; Political science; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001162707,0.0001009769,0.0002715336,0.0001383085,0.0008888689,0.00003265823,0.0003071224,0.00004869976,0.00001560668],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001024369,0.00007314251,0.0002089804,0.001411822,0.0009463729,0.00008997764,0.00003373673,0.0000903949,6.303723e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008271662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003902201,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.890178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7955846,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977277,0.0005968957,0.0004460735,0.0001321281,0.0006793012,0.0004178832],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971614,0.0007503033,0.0008614944,0.0002324344,0.0008912072,0.0001030982],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004603804,0.0001058251,0.9805736,0.000001647176,0.0002253274,0.000001253066,0.00442699,0.00001077708,0.000006597885,0.01130475,0.003040864,0.000297739],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001837816,0.0001186567,0.8874762,0.000007024985,0.00009327193,6.79551e-7,0.1052906,0.000004775955,0.0001165419,0.001324875,0.005278477,0.0001051161],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980439,0.0001279675,0.000005507203,0.00977125,0.0001339848,0.0003362277,0.00007325302,0.00001471086,0.009098074],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985778,0.00004016612,0.00001468697,0.000287126,0.00006249003,0.000008769033,0.000001981081,0.000007337104,0.0009996321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1008636,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6836551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02536111386976614,"score_gpt":0.3167521142718009,"score_spread":0.2913910004020348,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}