{"id":"W1984946490","doi":"10.5131/ajcl.2013.0002","title":"Can Class Action Regimes Operate Satisfactorily without a Certification Device? Empirical Insights from the Federal Court of Australia","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The American Journal of Comparative Law","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Certification; Supreme court; Class (philosophy); Empirical research; Political science; Law; Action (physics); Law and economics; Judicial review; Sociology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01865727,0.0001794953,0.0007093617,0.003051989,0.005870047,0.009062639,0.001962708,0.003676281,0.005006919],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09369429,0.0005589529,0.0005618822,0.003145879,0.01400957,0.009442465,0.003863294,0.004327936,0.000530039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.011322,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01237063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1562857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1670266,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9768425,0.006894865,0.001497005,0.002158769,0.008024672,0.004582182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.903885,0.05529008,0.02369091,0.005822808,0.008842137,0.002469127],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000891208,0.0003741649,0.09613862,0.0001981163,0.00007958108,0.0007174045,0.04123519,0.001725211,0.000361658,0.8289437,0.00356856,0.02656884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001978959,0.0003662042,0.6082365,0.001163895,0.0003893955,0.0007135701,0.0683006,0.01064325,0.001196098,0.2456653,0.06292904,0.0001981562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8431312,0.001166339,0.001494203,0.008726723,0.00002837845,0.0001007223,0.00007640269,0.00001081866,0.1452653],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975368,0.0002784134,0.0001976634,0.0004303503,0.00002123224,0.00001695806,0.0000188732,0.000002613021,0.001497025],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1562857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.310752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1135351901416635,"score_gpt":0.3480042356300905,"score_spread":0.234469045488427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}