{"id":"W1984949970","doi":"10.1159/000343120","title":"A Brief History of Choline","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism","topic":"Metabolism and Genetic Disorders","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Choline; Phosphatidylcholine; Lecithin; Phosphocholine; Phosphatidylethanolamine; Acetylcholine; Phosphorylcholine; Yolk; Biochemistry; Chemistry; Biology; Endocrinology; Phospholipid; Food science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002072272,0.00008550912,0.0001868728,0.00005700639,0.00001027966,0.000001560818,0.00006392778,0.00007652475,0.00005115016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000534493,0.00008308241,0.00008202608,0.00004266194,0.0001133903,0.000006763703,0.00003279511,0.00003012747,0.000001263172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":4.722479e-7,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002598372,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001799907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001058841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993913,0.00004227374,0.0002022217,0.0001135624,0.00009326806,0.0001574367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999514,0.00000516946,0.0001024783,0.0001704943,0.0001122109,0.00009567348],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001762839,0.001632781,0.001829487,0.0003030092,0.0001315727,2.323755e-7,0.000584427,0.000001118205,0.812001,0.009892572,0.1241833,0.04926413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006772146,0.00002747515,0.02363813,0.00001037399,0.00002275028,0.000002950309,0.00006143279,0.000001025593,0.1150961,0.0001688527,0.8602144,0.00007934223],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7817514,0.2135668,0.0001421051,0.0002338141,0.0003540011,0.0001088932,0.00003501209,0.000003803576,0.003804156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699193,0.027033,0.0007416123,0.0008328973,0.0003049722,0.00001162994,0.00005633153,0.000009940965,0.001090331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7360311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3388002,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03574505731425257,"score_gpt":0.2893731973621799,"score_spread":0.2536281400479273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}