{"id":"W1984964656","doi":"10.7202/1026129ar","title":"Epidemiological Uncertainty, Causation, and Drug Product Liability","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"McGill Law Journal","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Causation; Plaintiff; Product liability; Epidemiology; Actuarial science; Liability; Context (archaeology); Economics; Law; Medicine; Political science; Pathology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01247737,0.000153727,0.0004047931,0.00002928282,0.003981153,0.00001457778,0.0001598256,0.0001495095,0.001789143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02157543,0.00009802799,0.00006401008,0.00008561899,0.0002704388,0.0002293509,0.0001139301,0.001617358,0.0001899704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001045553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002543388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001428104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002069779,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939091,0.00417133,0.0007986965,0.0003256071,0.0002973644,0.0004979463],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938681,0.004676647,0.0003421955,0.0003180708,0.0003128727,0.0004821148],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002294965,0.0003438677,0.2292329,0.0005080126,0.00005534371,0.00001416089,0.001499511,0.00006155982,0.00007193788,0.7004161,0.0360426,0.03152454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004157828,0.00008616428,0.02523994,0.00007943349,0.00002528877,0.00002509246,0.0005734951,0.0001543659,0.00001098374,0.02633359,0.9469391,0.0001167676],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6051143,0.0002249643,0.0003341051,0.1945097,0.002019676,0.0008582863,0.00001964843,0.0001547224,0.1967645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922458,0.0001069732,0.00117632,0.004627407,0.001312439,0.00002234771,0.000004470342,0.00001041529,0.0004938238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9108965,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07926483891439622,"score_gpt":0.4198371947832955,"score_spread":0.3405723558688993,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}