{"id":"W1985973242","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2005.08.005","title":"An approach to formal automated analysis of problem-frame concerns","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information and Software Technology","topic":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Formal methods; Programming language; Formal specification; Frame (networking); Formal verification; Formal language; Frame problem; Model checking; Formal description; Software engineering; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003100616,0.0001201019,0.0002731603,0.001233762,0.00006179461,0.0000440562,0.0005863504,0.0001743768,0.000002058008],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003446174,0.000112778,0.00003623373,0.001902076,0.00007319801,0.002177737,0.0002078615,0.0001264031,0.000006759441],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003693693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002721704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005919833,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002477162,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990674,0.000021588,0.0003782579,0.0001546112,0.0001363721,0.0002417224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990836,0.00008848387,0.000141983,0.0004735177,0.0001476372,0.00006479675],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005609681,0.00003474125,0.001964091,0.00003248374,0.0001040756,2.043548e-7,0.002415715,0.5057623,0.0001035006,0.0613847,0.00006219005,0.4281303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004456767,0.0002521157,0.01020692,0.00001268516,0.00006913382,0.00002286769,0.000324597,0.9763241,0.002017912,0.004198642,0.005709277,0.0004160135],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0254956,0.00003011323,0.9694446,0.0001918584,0.00003056158,0.0001619705,0.000008329038,0.004513194,0.0001237763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3446729,0.000005076633,0.6551309,0.0001428388,0.000003667033,0.00002585748,0.00001274396,0.000002644489,0.000003349275],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4705618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4598952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01710538866509082,"score_gpt":0.2915526202057209,"score_spread":0.2744472315406301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}