{"id":"W1986064349","doi":"10.2118/146551-ms","title":"The Sanding Mechanisms of Water Injectors and their Quantification in Terms of Sand Production: Example of the Buzzard Field (UKCS)","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nexen (Canada); Geomechanica (Canada)","funders":"Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Injector; Petroleum engineering; Water hammer; Geology; Flow (mathematics); Current (fluid); Hammer; Geotechnical engineering; Water injection (oil production); Environmental science; Mechanics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000257238,0.00006877385,0.000136804,0.00005016451,0.00004365644,0.000006721254,0.00008162826,0.00007107855,0.00001210497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000371657,0.00003354414,0.00003482956,0.00009867823,0.0001072051,0.00007665732,0.00003746511,0.000105696,2.098881e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005089126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003826166,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002554565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001418416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994769,0.00002779528,0.0002281465,0.0001055083,0.00007279978,0.00008887986],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996854,0.00004013797,0.00004501655,0.0001768229,0.00003698434,0.00001562444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007935512,0.00006676377,0.003062647,0.0002706569,0.00005089387,4.550411e-7,0.005086125,0.000384555,0.9733164,0.005450744,0.0001417986,0.01208956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006889988,0.00006247574,0.007306013,0.00009848059,0.00001177182,0.000002358414,0.0003700537,0.0003951481,0.9762001,0.01539537,0.00003700252,0.00005230041],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897422,0.00005828272,0.008566599,0.0002079438,0.00005902304,0.0001289982,0.000005689949,0.00002060313,0.001210715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996769,0.0001999167,0.00008243848,0.000003666543,0.00001114927,0.000006127882,0.000002596584,0.000004237345,0.00001300418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01203726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.136789,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02591127107526724,"score_gpt":0.2219633112478367,"score_spread":0.1960520401725694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}