{"id":"W1986183911","doi":"10.1021/ef200904w","title":"Comparison of the Spray Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of a Wood-Derived Fast Pyrolysis Liquid-Ethanol Blend with Number 2 and Number 4 Fuel Oils in a Pilot-Stabilized Swirl Burner","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Combustor; Combustion; Liquid fuel; Nozzle; Pyrolysis; Fuel oil; Biofuel; Waste management; Pyrolysis oil; Ignition system; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002861895,0.00040985,0.0004752163,0.0003707565,0.0002147612,0.0002875488,0.0003846997,0.0003552836,0.0007674825],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003755553,0.0002315685,0.0005061253,0.0002718807,0.0002269845,0.0003977089,0.000213073,0.0002997223,0.0001751829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002698712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001480537,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001499104,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001927259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998052,0.00001893517,0.00001589598,0.00004125934,0.00008815661,0.00003065277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997681,0.00007446981,0.00005168197,0.00001623485,0.00006682908,0.00002265849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003597535,0.00005534196,0.001032715,0.00004171654,0.00001067794,0.00006434625,0.00004139801,0.0004356419,0.9960805,0.00001076008,0.00001190294,0.001855259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001762153,0.0009794398,0.01204958,0.000003726802,0.00003047144,0.00005520806,0.00004901193,0.002976039,0.9836649,0.00001106881,0.0001512951,0.00001155965],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992104,0.00005358541,0.0005585625,0.000004255231,0.000002379611,0.000006267533,0.00004335694,0.00002080769,0.0001004286],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978992,0.0001118502,0.001223393,0.00001007051,0.000002010349,0.00001232649,0.0001216218,0.00002419111,0.0005953282],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001499104,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002980769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01608714508410304,"score_gpt":0.2281894904509721,"score_spread":0.212102345366869,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}