{"id":"W1986704456","doi":"10.1115/1.4003711","title":"Development of a Spark Discharge PM Sensor for Measurement of Engine-Out Soot Emissions","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","topic":"Smart Materials for Construction","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Soot; Turbocharger; Diesel engine; Exhaust gas recirculation; Diesel exhaust; Exhaust gas; Particulates; Diesel particulate filter; Materials science; Diesel fuel; SPARK (programming language); SIGNAL (programming language); Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Combustion; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Mechanical engineering; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003740745,0.000101985,0.0002117615,0.0000544262,0.00002876143,0.00000475075,0.00007362986,0.00003811064,0.00008809633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009172797,0.0000775529,0.00008657152,0.00003682658,0.00002315762,0.00008696728,0.00002611892,0.00003643526,6.037174e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000370251,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001610233,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004052291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000393742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991848,0.00000395658,0.0004270114,0.00007549152,0.0001761574,0.0001325488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995512,0.00002188116,0.00022387,0.00006869384,0.00006005032,0.00007424293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002503506,0.0001072122,0.009936271,0.0002212845,0.0001268169,8.614268e-7,0.002268514,0.0007590688,0.9845222,0.0001198001,0.0005269113,0.001160769],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001992419,0.0006043866,0.07619357,0.0004430542,0.0001497997,0.00009717635,0.0002534528,0.001093869,0.8590382,0.0001777047,0.05957049,0.0003859278],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811594,0.00006889096,0.01785738,0.00002405508,0.0006713211,0.000162576,0.00001007531,0.00000506838,0.00004115558],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8980322,0.000008134234,0.1018706,0.000002854879,0.00004909242,0.000006514963,7.164948e-7,0.0000128732,0.00001695193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.125484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3162515,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0249514492392949,"score_gpt":0.2128619156301227,"score_spread":0.1879104663908278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}