{"id":"W198670895","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2293995","title":"Offsets and Public Procurement","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Procurement; Business; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007572959,0.0001210132,0.0002163545,0.0001585661,0.0002205671,0.00009679233,0.000134876,0.00004632303,0.0001575189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000867317,0.0001160152,0.00006585695,0.0001044748,0.00005220541,0.0002884706,0.00003949765,0.0005552554,0.0005536838],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002933092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001466929,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006346218,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007869097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979513,0.00001306822,0.0003457777,0.0001892806,0.00003842659,0.001462167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995729,0.00001739656,0.0001480479,0.0001196933,0.00004578269,0.00009615825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003778985,0.00005188839,0.08459324,0.00000891191,0.0001820582,4.315568e-7,0.0003891618,4.909219e-7,0.000004886625,0.9011648,0.004543554,0.009056836],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004625692,0.0001852991,0.02914815,0.000004415468,0.000005199868,0.00009792162,0.001039373,0.0000524006,0.000002436657,0.8918504,0.07696358,0.0001882991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8665012,0.08208273,0.0008813574,0.01725491,0.0003870028,0.0003102146,0.00001247597,0.00003742141,0.03253267],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9824991,0.01389806,0.00005479878,0.0003914012,0.0002335144,0.00001797239,0.00000152563,0.000014311,0.002889357],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1159978,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.711667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02365255445217729,"score_gpt":0.2081943332292514,"score_spread":0.1845417787770741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}