{"id":"W1986788088","doi":"10.1007/s11837-013-0662-8","title":"Prediction of Hot Tear Formation in Vertical DC Casting of Aluminum Billets Using a Granular Approach","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JOM","topic":"Aluminum Alloy Microstructure Properties","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Tearing; Shrinkage; Casting; Deformation (meteorology); Composite material; Rheology; Porosity; Stress (linguistics); Liquid metal; Alloy; Discrete element method; Metallurgy; Mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008581926,0.00009315233,0.0001704542,0.000115586,0.00001673121,0.00001011167,0.00006729023,0.00008584435,0.00001736698],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003952339,0.00008271465,0.00003304475,0.0001444952,0.00004537838,0.0002992636,0.00002542082,0.0001126303,0.00000348889],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007352104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008384443,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002145667,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005183507,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999265,0.00001944666,0.0003419814,0.00008399805,0.0001342075,0.0001554118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997563,0.00001382233,0.0000331546,0.000121334,0.00004996285,0.00002543256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008240551,0.00001665987,0.002637718,0.0003162691,0.00001199104,6.374514e-7,0.001984683,0.02259341,0.9715683,0.00001323793,0.00006137793,0.0007874618],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000305704,0.00002801921,0.01331776,0.00008658654,0.00001529161,0.00002929598,0.00041451,0.7312591,0.2543807,0.00004448831,0.00003067344,0.0000878331],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917252,0.0001401842,0.007448979,0.000004830605,0.00009077023,0.00022468,0.000005473024,0.00004577076,0.0003140921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940139,0.000004495855,0.005907848,0.000003398276,0.00003064443,0.000009604059,0.000007040167,0.00001911369,0.000003927107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7171876,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3373005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02610084925355901,"score_gpt":0.1944990346484589,"score_spread":0.1683981853948999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}