{"id":"W1986884147","doi":"10.5539/hes.v5n1p63","title":"Academic Ranking—From Its Genesis to Its International Expansion","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Education and Public Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ranking (information retrieval); Higher education; Popularity; Context (archaeology); Elite; Internationalization; Political science; Academic mobility; Sociology; Discipline; Quality (philosophy); Public relations; Social science; Epistemology; Computer science; Business; Geography; Politics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005528028,0.0001074654,0.0001343549,0.0001858222,0.0002798576,0.00007107356,0.0003304008,0.00008552555,0.0008601107],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005154017,0.0001045169,0.00003445268,0.0004579365,0.00005808465,0.0003606723,0.00007845358,0.00009891895,0.001252611],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003769848,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001040796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00120171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001191717,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986467,0.000167821,0.0002224856,0.0002469184,0.0004943783,0.0002217027],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998269,0.000137089,0.00009800183,0.0001319963,0.001075239,0.0002886398],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001180155,0.0001130951,0.009383492,0.000004537002,0.00006727101,1.354374e-7,0.1099199,0.000003952131,0.0001838146,0.08083048,0.7935842,0.005897318],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001142127,0.00000663456,0.03959168,0.0000241201,0.00001217522,1.49127e-7,0.03779081,5.303539e-7,0.0001150606,0.001702176,0.9205191,0.0001234084],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7560415,0.00842191,0.000008418486,0.1583823,0.0178375,0.0002415625,0.00001281974,0.0001342159,0.05891981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8895897,0.001114489,0.0003094266,0.008124829,0.004877767,0.000161344,0.00001974929,0.00001201426,0.09579068],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1502574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999525,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2612832507054971,"score_gpt":0.5008623676100036,"score_spread":0.2395791169045065,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}