{"id":"W1986949593","doi":"10.1016/j.cct.2004.06.001","title":"Adjustment for baseline measurement error in randomized controlled trials induces bias","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Controlled Clinical Trials","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Estimator; Statistics; Observational error; Baseline (sea); Context (archaeology); Randomized controlled trial; Sample size determination; Mean squared error; Reliability (semiconductor); Standard error; Mathematics; Medicine; Internal medicine; Power (physics); Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_broad"],"category_scores_codex":[0.8271652,0.001260812,0.07147671,0.0006104612,0.0001797534,0.000209179,0.0009832166,0.001453524,0.0009656528],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9953063,0.0007128842,0.0190745,0.0005263453,0.0006909011,0.000144346,0.0001618276,0.001200191,0.00007812437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004495732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00148285,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003383883,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005232835,"domain_scores_codex":[0.5052884,0.3829452,0.1002941,0.003658053,0.00509883,0.00271545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.01483975,0.9651973,0.01569002,0.001534501,0.001856308,0.0008821049],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"randomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"randomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.8408487,0.003728159,0.000008854441,0.0001512483,0.007597198,0.00001780505,0.00005394669,0.0000960046,0.0003179481,0.1199442,0.001514749,0.02572116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.5187935,0.0006157445,0.00001036872,0.0004739811,0.005979307,8.201545e-7,0.00004348002,0.0006307098,0.00021856,0.4726351,0.0002202494,0.0003781373],"study_design_candidate":"randomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"randomized_trial","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.009645899,0.006682494,0.81026,0.01488888,0.01898564,0.1365351,0.0006863942,0.0004742002,0.001841424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1827731,0.002288615,0.7587405,0.003720589,0.0122608,0.0391812,0.00002491541,0.0002962895,0.0007139372],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5822521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999476,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.8938245985846385,"score_gpt":0.6562920330182795,"score_spread":0.2375325655663589,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}