{"id":"W1987005932","doi":"10.1086/516730","title":"Protoplanetary Disk Turbulence Driven by the Streaming Instability: Nonlinear Saturation and Particle Concentration","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":468,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Turbulence; Physics; Mechanics; Drag; Streaming instability; Laminar flow; Planetesimal; Instability; Protoplanetary disk; Accretion (finance); Saturation (graph theory); Particle (ecology); Astrophysics; Planet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001893789,0.0004189594,0.0004038466,0.0002893608,0.0005608813,0.0007203817,0.0006703684,0.000722845,0.001024036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00125619,0.0002361948,0.0004401806,0.0003108754,0.0009487053,0.0005162518,0.0006992062,0.0005576988,0.00009139372],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001106309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006613406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02743313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0101518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999182,0.00001758337,0.000003906498,0.00001105217,0.00001653282,0.00003265108],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995223,0.0002012024,0.00007589705,0.00002480733,0.00005256222,0.0001232537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003523684,0.0001554668,0.01410192,0.00003805299,0.00004062152,0.0003000365,0.0001539603,0.9738912,0.006097634,0.002967489,0.0002965096,0.001604746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005676614,0.00004386075,0.001478982,0.000002428119,0.000005754562,0.00001342425,0.00003322942,0.9971819,0.0006999542,0.0004097379,0.0000677123,0.000006251398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9969698,0.0000379384,0.000992614,0.00009079814,0.000006677254,0.000009710169,0.00005627627,0.00003715819,0.001799072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991567,0.00001954977,0.0004610159,0.00001325569,0.000003175419,0.000007197008,0.00004996985,0.0000110463,0.0002779843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02743313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05454689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007354107958835843,"score_gpt":0.2298092511147072,"score_spread":0.2224551431558713,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}