{"id":"W1987085526","doi":"10.1119/1.3246465","title":"Student Projects in Cosmic Ray Detection","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Cosmic ray; Galaxy; Physics; Astronomy; Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray; Atmosphere (unit); COSMIC cancer database; Astrophysics; Auger; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001245762,0.0001631561,0.000156226,0.00002068752,0.0001030643,0.00004477379,0.0002469059,0.00001515054,0.00002931028],"category_scores_gemma":[6.47419e-7,0.0001199854,0.0000830599,0.0002217129,0.00003247002,0.000110435,0.0000413162,0.0002966195,0.00007549223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005352825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002912836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00010624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002109108,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991314,0.0000610779,0.0001556067,0.0002071037,0.0001631486,0.0002816969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995322,0.00001501078,0.00007957993,0.0003166875,0.00002106072,0.00003548303],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004826909,0.00176151,0.01474764,0.000003343553,0.00009955133,0.000001475872,0.006611898,0.001956231,0.02506387,0.04902151,0.0004118787,0.9002728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003187786,0.0004943266,0.2379513,0.00005951516,0.0001226384,6.852836e-7,0.005373009,0.008796717,0.01480088,0.7257522,0.002307181,0.001153788],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.957258,0.00001919563,0.01411871,0.0002106373,0.00007861553,0.0003150567,0.000002877395,0.00003429137,0.02796256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986401,7.568628e-7,0.00003660335,0.0001196862,0.0006550399,0.00003871277,0.00000610547,0.00001549484,0.0004875106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.899119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4892861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01314856063811362,"score_gpt":0.251846284616108,"score_spread":0.2386977239779944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}