{"id":"W1987130018","doi":"10.1002/ese3.41","title":"Butanol and ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock: biomass pretreatment and bioconversion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bioconversion; Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Butanol; Ethanol fuel; Chemistry; Ethanol; Bioenergy; Waste management; Food science; Fermentation; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000176116,0.0001810649,0.0001222596,0.0002333537,0.0001461275,0.00007433866,0.0001079912,0.00007804456,0.00001046462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002948917,0.0001681415,0.00001942289,0.0003573743,0.0001460653,0.0003644671,0.00006663784,0.00008121463,0.000006825613],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008368118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001053265,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008158065,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001628902,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989868,0.000008436491,0.0001249342,0.0004207847,0.0001961908,0.0002628488],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995796,0.00001581945,0.00002131422,0.0002076303,0.00002744529,0.0001481892],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002968239,0.00000845684,0.0003447401,0.00001606339,0.000009857342,7.369181e-7,0.0001345805,0.00159412,0.9912091,0.001148247,0.00005517245,0.005475954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000186121,0.00005020904,0.001920361,0.00003202281,0.00001234905,0.00001186851,0.00003761247,0.05662747,0.9106871,0.00004401663,0.03015903,0.0002317783],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903493,0.0009061566,0.006497364,0.0002442851,0.001310518,0.00009768101,0.000002242586,0.0004037406,0.0001887431],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980409,0.0001909342,0.0014357,0.00001629883,0.0001982699,0.000009456568,0.000004439168,0.00001852254,0.00008548333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08052195,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.685661,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004540318858231534,"score_gpt":0.1649783347432737,"score_spread":0.1604380158850422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}