{"id":"W1987130018","doi":"10.1002/ese3.41","title":"Butanol and ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock: biomass pretreatment and bioconversion","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Science & Engineering","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan; York University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bioconversion; Raw material; Biomass (ecology); Lignocellulosic biomass; Biofuel; Pulp and paper industry; Butanol; Ethanol fuel; Chemistry; Ethanol; Bioenergy; Waste management; Food science; Fermentation; Organic chemistry; Agronomy; Engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001361764,0.0007325055,0.0003271174,0.0002305239,0.0001284678,0.0002204625,0.0001497998,0.0002110669,0.0008444536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001138141,0.0001267601,0.0003298727,0.0003608607,0.0001348794,0.0002345617,0.0001335372,0.0003530444,0.0001774899],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002062016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002025433,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001777775,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003363967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999073,0.00001336935,0.000009359095,0.00001425008,0.00002753812,0.00002812025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99994,0.000008810097,0.00001642717,0.000006374722,0.00001355591,0.00001478567],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005857896,0.00003072562,0.0001062767,0.000031477,0.000005280112,0.00002453108,0.000004989036,0.0001057546,0.9990025,0.000007341673,0.000006335645,0.0006162604],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003506007,0.0001512759,0.001963906,0.000003162608,0.00001056505,0.00001610668,0.00001115229,0.0002565526,0.9973927,0.000005687414,0.0001829162,0.000002451437],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970452,0.001040014,0.0009713378,0.00003106348,0.00002215063,0.00002465808,0.0001792298,0.00001626742,0.0006700978],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970988,0.000792412,0.001035874,0.00001866741,0.000004409898,0.00001343013,0.0002305175,0.000007537165,0.0007984479],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001777775,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003534853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004540318858231534,"score_gpt":0.1649783347432737,"score_spread":0.1604380158850422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}