{"id":"W1987366889","doi":"10.2118/09-08-37","title":"An Accelerated Method to Measure the Swelling Behaviour of Caprock (Shale) in Steam Stimulation Process","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology","topic":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Isfahan University of Technology; Sharif University of Technology; Imperial Oil Limited; McMaster University","keywords":"Oil shale; Swelling; Swell; Steam injection; Geotechnical engineering; Steam-assisted gravity drainage; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Oil sands; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003388116,0.0003194271,0.0001347686,0.0005525522,0.0001335232,0.0001459779,0.0002238981,0.000329115,0.000733106],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003446578,0.0001213146,0.0001488565,0.0003658328,0.0001704521,0.0002294997,0.0001692286,0.0003754389,0.0001953993],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000141518,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001537455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005852392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001100564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999715,0.00005129784,0.00001429612,0.00004366244,0.0001585086,0.00001714846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996809,0.0000830098,0.00008465025,0.0000221107,0.00009753951,0.00003197378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003221748,0.00002610148,0.0007202852,0.00003470515,0.000003881378,0.00002341079,0.00003024385,0.000109045,0.9952372,0.00003891276,0.00002076856,0.003723094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009249339,0.000621543,0.01359458,0.000007597154,0.00001523773,0.0001838694,0.00006213133,0.009972744,0.9747581,0.00004205027,0.0007159564,0.0000168459],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.9151673,0.001259177,0.08131391,0.00006336282,0.00004554083,0.0001173595,0.0002597944,0.0002816833,0.001491962],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.94836,0.0005459271,0.04852358,0.00005151592,0.00001305762,0.0001626829,0.0001915211,0.00001441478,0.002137396],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.000733106,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002452493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02171774906766814,"score_gpt":0.2848382975070984,"score_spread":0.2631205484394302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}