{"id":"W1987581036","doi":"10.1086/421364","title":"Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: An Analysis of Magnetic Activity and a Search for Subdwarfs","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astronomical Journal","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":340,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Apache (Canada)","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; U.S. Naval Observatory; Fermilab; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; University of Pittsburgh; Johns Hopkins University; University of Chicago; Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik; U.S. Department of Energy; Princeton University; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; New Mexico State University; National Science Foundation; University of Washington; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Astrophysics; Physics; Subdwarf; Stars; Stellar classification; Sky; Metallicity; Astronomy; Luminosity function; Luminosity; T Tauri star; Equivalent width; K-type main-sequence star; Spectral line; Galaxy; Emission spectrum; White dwarf","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005565543,0.0001069536,0.0003161246,0.00007779848,0.00009353409,0.00007217212,0.0002108138,0.00001576187,0.00002368854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001185222,0.00005944832,0.0001028072,0.0001340632,0.0002079765,0.000114707,0.0000351683,0.0001865703,5.909008e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002078925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007064216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009354849,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001614624,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991583,0.0001410464,0.0002407298,0.0001140054,0.0001334425,0.0002124792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993955,0.0002465275,0.0001147768,0.0001539922,0.00004485194,0.00004431209],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000318835,0.0001546964,0.9932716,0.000004987383,0.0003261511,1.267281e-7,0.00117568,0.001471366,0.0005753474,0.00009059433,0.000002362185,0.002608289],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006645024,0.0003247754,0.9952449,0.00001039084,0.0002026336,0.000001176884,0.001296802,0.0004900003,0.001594272,0.000108582,0.000002813992,0.0000591861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985358,0.0001194118,0.0008657526,0.000128708,0.0000221527,0.0001837265,0.00004612873,0.000001263913,0.00009711814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998084,0.0000058504,0.00007865231,0.000003733081,0.00007651266,0.000003948639,0.000009966951,0.000005331989,0.000007579157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002549103,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2424232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02504750981559935,"score_gpt":0.2518864405568083,"score_spread":0.2268389307412089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}