{"id":"W1988563706","doi":"10.1029/2010ja015828","title":"HF ground scatter from the polar cap: Ionospheric propagation and ground surface effects","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Space Agency; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada","keywords":"Ionosphere; Geology; Ionosonde; Backscatter (email); Radar; Latitude; Geophysics; Atmospheric sciences; Geodesy; Physics; Telecommunications; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002610885,0.0004105539,0.0002075407,0.0004053036,0.0002299647,0.0004284708,0.0001567432,0.0001813885,0.001482416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006024414,0.000120078,0.0001469051,0.0007686151,0.0002018213,0.0003526045,0.000198482,0.0002122331,0.0002703466],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004377607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000498444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05273663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05736011,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999043,0.00001386829,0.000002892079,0.00002037495,0.00003377824,0.00002491086],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997285,0.00008360589,0.00004627065,0.00002976441,0.00008811724,0.00002383256],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009952897,0.0001788052,0.508998,0.0003292431,0.0003134776,0.001516264,0.0007015565,0.08515908,0.209928,0.002011553,0.004929943,0.1849389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003402633,0.0001607458,0.8875331,0.00003242597,0.0001341866,0.0004562783,0.0002914241,0.08045178,0.02604433,0.000585607,0.004230889,0.00004528348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9667143,0.001569348,0.02281439,0.0002786162,0.00009511368,0.00003082722,0.001033286,0.0002198929,0.007244312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951676,0.0005964801,0.001686321,0.00005027962,0.00004123137,0.000005566113,0.0006262726,0.00004328146,0.001782854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05273663,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1048594,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01032157451109502,"score_gpt":0.2729441067785347,"score_spread":0.2626225322674397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}