{"id":"W1988863383","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.11.005","title":"The progressivity of equalization payments in federations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economics","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Jurisdiction; Social welfare function; Population; Per capita; Public finance; Microeconomics; Public good; Subsidy; Welfare; Order (exchange); Competition (biology); Public economics; Macroeconomics; Finance; Law; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01168959,0.0003019249,0.001445881,0.001779618,0.00386924,0.006459256,0.001309345,0.002087289,0.01259178],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05672232,0.000535278,0.0007476392,0.001915763,0.008046094,0.008769752,0.004627745,0.003041202,0.0004602539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00294689,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00327208,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005364836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004841829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951051,0.002233594,0.0002914137,0.0006215016,0.0005955491,0.001152798],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9547355,0.030464,0.005658492,0.003990816,0.003261404,0.001889762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001962716,0.00004487526,0.004234682,0.00003711254,0.00002433983,0.0000608694,0.0008185118,0.003404391,0.00009229873,0.9820748,0.001019864,0.007992029],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009941468,0.0000623759,0.007593516,0.00005388957,0.00004640891,0.00007856741,0.001129182,0.005354966,0.0002192186,0.981325,0.004020821,0.00001653763],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7473114,0.0008835015,0.0232931,0.01020267,0.0001238237,0.00007423956,0.00036609,0.000105906,0.2176393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950021,0.0001317746,0.0006416497,0.00008147981,0.0000518358,0.0000158539,0.00002408155,0.000006122057,0.00404509],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01259178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06182116,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02799644291005553,"score_gpt":0.2920998052826194,"score_spread":0.2641033623725639,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}