{"id":"W1989166491","doi":"10.2118/0314-0096-jpt","title":"Improved Conductivity and Proppant Applications in the Bakken Formation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Petroleum engineering; Unconventional oil; Hydraulic conductivity; Drilling; Fracture (geology); Completion (oil and gas wells); Geotechnical engineering; Mining engineering; Oil shale; Soil science; Engineering; Soil water; Mechanical engineering; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003670504,0.00005732135,0.0001413459,0.0002721441,0.00003313995,0.00001411431,0.0001631149,0.00008152681,0.00000188953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000474342,0.00003063891,0.0000319886,0.0001645407,0.00004282369,0.0001023683,0.00001365964,0.0003174157,8.043008e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002543103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004497754,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004441837,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003899341,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995654,0.00002465953,0.0002026765,0.00004404896,0.00006457502,0.00009865129],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999702,0.0000405447,0.00007868176,0.0001345315,0.00002697555,0.00001722545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006876043,0.0006133537,0.03290695,0.0008913037,0.0006689469,0.0000416891,0.003455226,0.3902937,0.3002283,0.005745285,0.001414386,0.2636721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00186833,0.0004716382,0.0135667,0.00007127124,0.0001917641,0.0006643115,0.003911589,0.8594825,0.04190722,0.01673285,0.06071978,0.0004120113],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8796809,0.0002104016,0.118061,0.001692808,0.00003501476,0.00004776098,5.292669e-7,0.00003552296,0.0002360629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995274,0.00006106503,0.0003284338,0.00001378446,0.00004663823,0.00001040369,4.216766e-7,0.000004726759,0.000007140145],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4691888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1379031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004854862313082203,"score_gpt":0.2052917207857123,"score_spread":0.20043685847263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}