{"id":"W1989310056","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06702.x","title":"The nature and space density of fossil groups of galaxies","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":341,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Astrophysics; Virgo Cluster; Galaxy group; Astronomy; Galaxy; Galaxy cluster; Luminosity; Brightest cluster galaxy; Elliptical galaxy; Lenticular galaxy; Luminosity function; Interacting galaxy; Galaxy formation and evolution","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003352711,0.0001512638,0.0002622298,0.000007820447,0.0002384739,0.00002169496,0.0003019641,0.00007616488,0.00002565103],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002942935,0.00009671957,0.0002915883,0.00007969269,0.0005241506,0.0001011274,0.0001401184,0.0002545796,9.753405e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003781334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005450123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002349272,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002194841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989901,0.00008866232,0.0003621138,0.0001510389,0.0001856459,0.0002223957],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988752,0.0001864496,0.0004573053,0.0003247771,0.0001049475,0.00005130984],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001678867,0.00006509406,0.9810231,0.00002411799,0.0001248715,2.025202e-10,0.0006581203,0.01019653,0.00002513916,0.007508439,0.0003213034,0.00003650256],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003243282,0.00003089193,0.9810597,0.00001556617,0.00005409685,4.990388e-9,0.001306568,0.01417317,0.002144579,0.0006785815,0.0001289716,0.00008349914],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989015,0.0002574953,0.00002589796,0.0001812227,0.0001315714,0.0001686504,0.00002760758,0.000005962136,0.0003000893],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986004,3.229645e-7,0.00117979,6.192691e-7,0.00005434113,0.000004905698,0.000002964022,0.000009336465,0.0001473636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006829857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3944109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003858778740642689,"score_gpt":0.183669602133925,"score_spread":0.1798108233932823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}