{"id":"W1990017048","doi":"10.1002/cjce.21810","title":"Study on the flow structure and its effects on the interaction and formation of cryogenic taylor bubbles by PIV technique and POD analysis","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Turbulence; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Taylor microscale; Curvature; Optics; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Tube (container); Geometry; Turbulence kinetic energy; Mathematics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001639852,0.00009865982,0.0001351753,0.0001111973,0.00004831086,0.00005698853,0.00009012013,0.00004112142,0.000004953845],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007820556,0.00005361413,0.00003066007,0.0001327101,0.00001445006,0.000088838,0.000009120078,0.0002786467,1.315425e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005658113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007121947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000100123,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007553518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995886,0.00001592187,0.0001558462,0.00004741102,0.000083495,0.0001087355],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995586,0.0001974751,0.00004144219,0.00008083727,0.00003341706,0.00008828565],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007041273,0.000005407435,0.0001229959,0.00007882252,0.0004010135,0.000003471236,0.001254576,0.05515374,0.9400582,0.0004678092,0.000147017,0.002299957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000199777,0.00009085652,0.00119159,0.0001186484,0.0001851812,0.00006122526,0.0001570587,0.680536,0.3171594,0.0001451135,0.0000254016,0.0001297618],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981831,0.0003220523,0.0009364695,0.0002929246,0.00003889084,0.0002019402,0.000006420841,0.000005876573,0.00001235888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998688,0.000009203937,0.00004615128,0.00002667679,0.00002862761,0.000007541533,9.302806e-7,0.00001116878,9.623574e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6253822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2186321,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003296993996897557,"score_gpt":0.1659404389748754,"score_spread":0.1626434449779778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}