{"id":"W1990149998","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.102.045002","title":"Electron Trapping in Shear Alfvén Waves that Power the Aurora","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Electron; Physics; Trapping; Atomic physics; Plasma; Electric field; Shear (geology); Earth's magnetic field; Kinetic energy; Magnetic field; Computational physics; Geophysics; Classical mechanics; Nuclear physics; Geology; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001204593,0.000192479,0.0003075445,0.000009291374,0.0000634849,0.00003506138,0.0002339092,0.000007491566,0.0001704434],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00000369979,0.0001313693,0.000214281,0.0002121942,0.00003862055,0.0001398519,0.00002062359,0.0002990633,0.00007940824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002481781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001840164,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003784078,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001512855,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989689,0.00007857152,0.0001845849,0.0002338857,0.0001614045,0.0003726413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995216,0.00006332598,0.0000743596,0.0002805181,0.00001121839,0.00004897157],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009204239,0.002366452,0.006894802,0.0006423199,0.0003525467,0.00004168535,0.003120549,0.001725289,0.0501453,0.2049202,0.1211576,0.6085413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003475495,0.001125194,0.1161783,0.005626477,0.0006677167,0.00001047775,0.0006635205,0.01319709,0.005000115,0.05298701,0.7967966,0.004271979],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9280624,0.004368829,0.00143093,0.04856943,0.0001164962,0.0008037521,0.00000478637,0.0000524157,0.01659095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9801587,0.0002729922,0.00006522037,0.0192009,0.0002001902,0.00002244585,0.00001242664,0.00001383148,0.00005329178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.675639,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5357084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007883650944991825,"score_gpt":0.2544643774747526,"score_spread":0.2465807265297608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}