{"id":"W1990219361","doi":"10.1016/j.jasms.2004.05.005","title":"Features of the ESI mechanism that affect the observation of multiply charged noncovalent protein complexes and the determination of the association constant by the titration method","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","topic":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Titration; Equilibrium constant; Ion; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Dissociation (chemistry); Evaporation; Constant (computer programming); Dissociation constant; Crystallography; Chemical physics; Chromatography; Thermodynamics; Physical chemistry; Receptor; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01046985,0.001359971,0.001111989,0.001005183,0.0005089195,0.001389003,0.001817158,0.002245582,0.002414702],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01809859,0.001181095,0.0006838744,0.001075649,0.001280338,0.001481506,0.001022294,0.002246902,0.001232285],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008028257,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006381512,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007133628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004958771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9951532,0.001198479,0.0005916598,0.0007641874,0.002050284,0.0002421966],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9747054,0.02081333,0.001621976,0.001443342,0.001135219,0.0002808041],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003186535,0.0001090186,0.001788066,0.0002725356,0.00004409346,0.0002806987,0.0001736338,0.0009526473,0.9902561,0.0008372965,0.0001498695,0.004817378],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003989149,0.0002267675,0.003150155,0.00001310471,0.00003015426,0.0006624399,0.00002674211,0.01202741,0.9821907,0.0004194814,0.001186188,0.00002687644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.6723193,0.003860333,0.3155097,0.0008898996,0.000381864,0.001042358,0.0005836263,0.001768801,0.003644144],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8430524,0.002238703,0.148782,0.0009374553,0.00009334648,0.001451888,0.0006211238,0.0004555238,0.002367481],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01046985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05537057,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01367569257505974,"score_gpt":0.275061974164288,"score_spread":0.2613862815892282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}