{"id":"W1990905683","doi":"10.1007/s10750-012-1233-7","title":"Stable isotopes as indicators of wastewater effects on the macroinvertebrates of urban rivers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrobiologia","topic":"Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Sight Research UK; Royal Society; Leverhulme Trust; American Society of Plant Taxonomists","keywords":"Biomonitoring; Environmental science; Sewage; δ15N; Invertebrate; Ecology; δ13C; Isotope analysis; Aquatic ecosystem; δ34S; Wastewater; Pollution; STREAMS; Nutrient; Population; Sewage treatment; Bioindicator; Ecosystem; Stable isotope ratio; Biology; Environmental engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002986743,0.0001369063,0.0002045202,0.00005099396,0.0001037478,0.000004945435,0.0003774315,0.0001078905,0.004497347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004373501,0.00008366289,0.00007105153,0.0001843556,0.000547384,0.0001442318,0.0002947079,0.0001114926,0.001828266],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000495044,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005773176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004310367,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003008039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990317,0.0001471804,0.0001623541,0.0001732516,0.0001084075,0.0003771234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993951,0.000153158,0.000128071,0.0002498244,0.000003930393,0.00006988553],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005888405,0.0001503187,0.8378366,0.00002733805,0.00005146782,0.000002691504,0.001237698,0.00008615047,0.1324349,0.0007993384,0.02708032,0.0002343723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002747012,0.0004181885,0.04525468,0.00001408069,0.00002406843,0.000002731453,0.0002436036,0.00006535802,0.9495818,0.0003468243,0.003630348,0.0001436133],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912012,0.00003495988,0.000001825022,0.0001350633,0.0001783971,0.0002152646,0.00001756425,0.00001765013,0.008198072],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987566,0.000009178189,0.00007027056,0.0005774603,0.00001537354,0.000006632715,0.00001089942,0.000006594025,0.0005469483],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.817147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989489,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007024344618133682,"score_gpt":0.1830990276861229,"score_spread":0.1760746830679892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}