{"id":"W1991008596","doi":"10.1109/tsg.2014.2374613","title":"A Framework for Volt-VAR Optimization in Distribution Systems","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":187,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Voltage reduction; Reduction (mathematics); Volt; Voltage; Capacitor; Control theory (sociology); AC power; Mathematical optimization; Voltage regulator; Integer programming; Demand response; Optimization problem; Linear programming; Engineering; Load management; Voltage regulation; Computer science; Mathematics; Electrical engineering; Electricity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002195452,0.0001834684,0.0001929892,0.0001539653,0.00009044302,0.00005116445,0.0001170625,0.000139683,0.00002386649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001303584,0.0002046555,0.00008172985,0.0003214708,0.00001731519,0.000139793,7.163983e-7,0.0001890532,0.00003658114],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002212473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006974223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005108461,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004781467,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999,0.00003773192,0.000290157,0.0002264131,0.0001573979,0.0002883342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994316,0.0001369077,0.00002388907,0.0003042964,0.00003733518,0.0000659992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000019112,0.00004849206,0.00001708334,0.00007454251,0.00003065668,5.137697e-7,0.0000306463,0.9961269,0.00003152408,0.001428544,0.0009889379,0.001202975],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004309952,0.00006439842,0.0001421439,0.000092861,0.0000292408,0.000001608486,0.0000244631,0.9783293,0.001240638,0.0000883573,0.01933912,0.000216849],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003532541,0.00002703344,0.988808,0.00007860486,0.006378721,0.0004152152,0.00008515846,0.0004070239,0.0002676406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909034,0.00005864958,0.007804103,0.00004210774,0.0003955121,0.0005689028,0.0000793641,0.00005724635,0.00009074436],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9873708,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8345609,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01135524070313264,"score_gpt":0.216007708051606,"score_spread":0.2046524673484734,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}