{"id":"W1991049462","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2007.02.004","title":"A field study evaluation for mitigating biofouling with chlorine dioxide or chlorine integrated with UV disinfection","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; Acadia University","funders":"University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Chlorine dioxide; Disinfectant; Chlorine; Chloramine; Biofouling; Chemistry; Biofilm; Environmental chemistry; Water treatment; Pulp and paper industry; Ozone; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Bacteria; Organic chemistry; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001657547,0.0009362908,0.0008591187,0.0004819581,0.001703417,0.0005486829,0.001177461,0.001397827,0.00195638],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001380721,0.0004320176,0.0006834004,0.0003680743,0.0005064626,0.0007713436,0.0003235636,0.0007034282,0.0003084039],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001202145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001558586,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01025236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01409744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992477,0.0002181594,0.00003583598,0.0001998159,0.0001858718,0.0001127078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979486,0.000626253,0.0001876717,0.0001709303,0.0008180613,0.0002483774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01710525,0.03607558,0.01665784,0.0008203755,0.0001697203,0.0006978876,0.001347065,0.00353212,0.8886892,0.0002813068,0.0008839935,0.03373965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004372641,0.3097601,0.03042812,0.00006770121,0.0005377904,0.0006296923,0.002252671,0.00635245,0.640937,0.0003050388,0.004263142,0.00009363183],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974703,0.00005247678,0.00143709,0.0000413157,0.00001687814,0.0003069085,0.0001385225,0.00003819424,0.0004983699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914516,0.0001249301,0.004715596,0.0000677873,0.00001246795,0.000232953,0.0002700519,0.0000122844,0.00311247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01025236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02038538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08122797698179626,"score_gpt":0.376352663386082,"score_spread":0.2951246864042858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}