{"id":"W1991141116","doi":"10.1080/14685248.2014.907904","title":"Estimation and prediction of the roughness function on realistic surfaces","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Turbulence","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Hydro-Québec","keywords":"Waviness; Surface finish; Roughness length; Surface roughness; Turbulence; Hydraulic roughness; Reynolds number; Mechanics; Range (aeronautics); Materials science; Large eddy simulation; Geometry; Geology; Mathematics; Meteorology; Physics; Composite material; Wind speed","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005558846,0.0004351651,0.000428127,0.0003487377,0.0002176077,0.0005256387,0.0004297276,0.0008491069,0.000193127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003233728,0.00023202,0.0003546344,0.0002563303,0.0005377098,0.000726704,0.0003327121,0.0004816676,0.00004591196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000415988,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005115014,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005253454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002592874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998142,0.00005401179,0.00001204352,0.00003405688,0.00004420531,0.00004143697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986331,0.0008787244,0.0001663837,0.0001424866,0.0001222924,0.00005694099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002977621,0.00002282582,0.00375944,0.00001587032,0.000007164907,0.00004512901,0.00001487474,0.989421,0.003745903,0.001025153,0.00004288625,0.00187001],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002111554,0.00000778961,0.0008636122,9.966802e-7,7.309149e-7,0.000004212837,0.000003283296,0.9986224,0.0003669522,0.0001148647,0.000009776923,0.000003157864],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9661092,0.00008652195,0.03294494,0.00004649867,0.000007696526,0.00001230699,0.00006158163,0.0001078051,0.0006234168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995806,0.00002823226,0.004027443,0.000003351741,0.000002598533,0.000005235848,0.0000486494,0.000005736355,0.0000727396],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005253454,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01044577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005913317777535611,"score_gpt":0.1821876525030578,"score_spread":0.1762743347255222,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}