{"id":"W1991211278","doi":"10.1063/1.4731295","title":"Scaling range of velocity and passive scalar spectra in grid turbulence","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Luonnontieteiden ja Tekniikan Tutkimuksen Toimikunta; Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Turbulence; Scaling; Reynolds number; Scalar (mathematics); Taylor microscale; Kolmogorov microscales; Isotropy; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Power law; Mechanics; Turbulence kinetic energy; Direct numerical simulation; Quantum mechanics; K-omega turbulence model; Geometry; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009257331,0.0001148139,0.0002261867,0.00004358745,0.00001250343,0.000005022961,0.00008916207,0.00004637002,0.000006321785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001375041,0.0001179096,0.00004766097,0.0001528729,0.00005514588,0.0001720534,0.00003424932,0.0001117839,0.000002554224],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002396446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006466215,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000361468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002017839,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999348,0.00001034045,0.0002067026,0.00009014937,0.0001304182,0.0002143394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996938,0.00004896738,0.00002513065,0.0001486284,0.00002834183,0.0000551867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001144754,0.001214511,0.2860656,0.003533211,0.0004304414,0.00001406478,0.01324681,0.1456895,0.354039,0.1022987,0.00100858,0.09234519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008479739,0.00004549981,0.1065344,0.0002253724,0.00004071079,0.000002554594,0.00004306519,0.8282226,0.06064137,0.002854733,0.0001404455,0.0004012272],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948118,0.001332399,0.002845843,0.00001355587,0.0002915036,0.0000877228,0.00002947606,0.0000257369,0.000561905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978774,0.0003272068,0.001556768,0.00000583288,0.0002037158,0.000004364778,0.000004444994,0.00001762107,0.000002609571],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6825331,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4808213,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008193299267703994,"score_gpt":0.2044241436566225,"score_spread":0.1962308443889186,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}