{"id":"W1991406538","doi":"10.1021/ac048536g","title":"Study of Chemistry in Droplets with Net Charge before and after Coulomb Explosion:  Ion-Induced Nucleation<i>in Solution</i>and Implications for Ion Production in an Electrospray","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Chemistry; Coulomb explosion; Ion; Nucleation; Levitation; Chemical physics; Electrospray; Precipitation; Micrometer; Coulomb; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Atomic physics; Chromatography; Ionization; Nuclear physics; Physics; Optics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00020462,0.0001931983,0.0002183203,0.0001452479,0.0001925887,0.0005235845,0.0003178119,0.0002409455,0.0007854343],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004122407,0.00009779594,0.0001720525,0.000172721,0.0003932383,0.0005878645,0.0002917467,0.0004880464,0.0001714731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004389903,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001921841,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007957447,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005687776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998821,0.000007678012,0.000005828687,0.00003258884,0.00005124059,0.00002055932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998273,0.00006945177,0.00003123235,0.000009203686,0.00003891807,0.00002381992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004790141,0.00001641011,0.0004865684,0.00003675791,0.000005564251,0.0001136702,0.00006379145,0.0003668075,0.9971904,0.0003392792,0.00003402191,0.001298774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001039467,0.0001394511,0.002177188,0.00000376347,0.000005854794,0.00009022248,0.00005435383,0.006871332,0.9898594,0.0001603106,0.000619985,0.00000781023],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858662,0.001037538,0.01082587,0.0000851843,0.0000370037,0.00007136922,0.0001480355,0.00006231385,0.001866446],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927215,0.000662057,0.005500566,0.00004565261,0.00001263594,0.00003163555,0.0001575409,0.00002627654,0.0008420281],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007957447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003185093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01392496233035708,"score_gpt":0.2781764556163085,"score_spread":0.2642514932859514,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}