{"id":"W1992324742","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00956.x","title":"Spatial extent of winter thaw events in eastern North America: historical weather records in relation to yellow birch decline","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Change Biology","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; University of New Brunswick","funders":"Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada","keywords":"Degree (music); Yellow birch; Environmental science; Weather station; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; Frost (temperature); Physical geography; Maximum temperature; Automatic weather station; Geography; Growing degree-day; Air temperature; Climatology; Atmospheric sciences; Ecology; Phenology; Meteorology; Horticulture; Biology; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00032752,0.0000999388,0.00009155623,0.0008986125,0.0002493956,0.0003347225,0.0001391629,0.00009284247,0.0004373261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004096616,0.00008168414,0.0001029335,0.001162136,0.0001338507,0.0001728064,0.0001700507,0.00009388984,0.00005000567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006939568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004557227,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2800832,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4998973,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999923,0.000009081988,0.000008077548,0.00002733001,0.00001818433,0.00001425183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996884,0.00004361504,0.00009182862,0.00001472177,0.000131783,0.00002961494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002175021,0.000008079253,0.9929492,0.00001527201,0.00001757309,0.00002575213,0.0003583498,0.0007901798,0.0006130183,0.00003228519,0.0002151184,0.004953495],"study_design_scores_gemma":[5.869731e-7,0.000003104913,0.9989561,0.000002111982,0.000004059771,0.0000115057,0.0001374246,0.0005532612,0.0000549773,0.000005149007,0.0002707151,9.487528e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980175,0.0001119775,0.0002555767,0.00001129375,0.000001413235,0.000006111539,0.001093392,0.00001753245,0.0004851442],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977503,0.00009702868,0.0007093136,0.000003492594,0.000001973619,0.00001096657,0.001222245,0.000002317117,0.0002021584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2800832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5569059,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04391721105404212,"score_gpt":0.2771168185221436,"score_spread":0.2331996074681015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}