{"id":"W1992355833","doi":"10.1080/17470210802055749","title":"Applying an Exemplar Model to the Artificial-Grammar Task: Inferring Grammaticality from Similarity","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology","topic":"Memory Processes and Influences","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Grammaticality; Grammar; Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence; Task (project management); Redundancy (engineering); Constraint (computer-aided design); Similarity (geometry); Linguistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004541959,0.000210256,0.000345295,0.0001016921,0.0004374588,0.00009122572,0.0008164496,0.00009974431,0.0001264984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009519829,0.0001494178,0.0001267276,0.0002013557,0.000266581,0.0006170934,0.00003574073,0.0004088259,0.000058538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003538912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005247918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004169424,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001045766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976671,0.0002869925,0.000801963,0.0004105911,0.0004506018,0.000382702],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987066,0.0001336997,0.0003402855,0.0004682175,0.00006678694,0.0002843624],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002828045,0.0005019424,0.0002234199,0.000002879256,0.00001085875,0.00009578837,0.007112917,0.0004908537,0.9844456,0.0009213648,0.0004678782,0.005443669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001954396,0.009115462,0.002159593,0.00007041539,0.00004909445,0.001850593,0.00879697,0.01498436,0.9068506,0.04698026,0.006210932,0.0009773417],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801865,0.0001411914,0.01739215,0.00079985,0.0005818473,0.0002955099,0.00001264973,0.00002561137,0.0005647582],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919744,0.00001227651,0.002419764,0.005239817,0.0002887258,0.00003737426,0.000001127594,0.00001743566,0.000009036321],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07759505,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6093079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1584466724557645,"score_gpt":0.3940074750549692,"score_spread":0.2355608025992047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}