{"id":"W1992777156","doi":"10.1111/j.1949-8594.2006.tb17919.x","title":"Exploring Problem‐based Learning in the Context of High School Science: Design and Implementation Issues","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"School Science and Mathematics","topic":"Problem and Project Based Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Problem-based learning; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Curriculum; Action research; Scholarship; Science education; Pedagogy; Active learning (machine learning); Psychology; Focus group; Scholarship of Teaching and Learning; Teaching method; Sociology; Computer science; Teaching and learning center","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0119489,0.00009955165,0.0001484288,0.0003195909,0.001366772,0.0004304358,0.0003883733,0.00002765824,0.00003302376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001042178,0.00007356289,0.00001431837,0.001640939,0.001390647,0.001441339,0.00005989586,0.0001861014,0.00000460013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000100112,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00119956,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004744303,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000399642,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978388,0.0001714355,0.0002978377,0.0002654323,0.001004247,0.0004222545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990966,0.0002618998,0.0001752615,0.0001271919,0.0002346043,0.0001044733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004375435,0.0003358486,0.07346725,0.0005390025,0.00001052429,0.00001009111,0.1981802,0.002016553,0.07808977,0.553448,0.001009801,0.09284927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003409669,0.001012897,0.1011955,0.001069524,0.00009617911,0.00001408115,0.689014,0.0084604,0.04613122,0.1365166,0.01177007,0.001309911],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915668,0.0001694257,0.002267659,0.001717508,0.00006323907,0.0008876493,8.400797e-7,0.00004662564,0.00328019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9713235,0.0001123233,0.02828352,0.00009357518,0.00006437968,0.00006172184,5.490199e-7,0.000005040494,0.00005534785],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4908338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999333,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0769484028717124,"score_gpt":0.3552306943079795,"score_spread":0.2782822914362671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}