{"id":"W1993428784","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.1050.0400","title":"Two-Sided Network Effects: A Theory of Information Product Design","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":303,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Tying; Network effect; Perpetuity; Product (mathematics); Microeconomics; Externality; Exploit; Competition (biology); Industrial organization; Economics; Mechanism design; Complementary good; Business; Computer science; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001673137,0.0001043055,0.0001118966,0.0002648811,0.0001646972,0.0007039754,0.0004439991,0.000009743025,0.00003694803],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009352309,0.00008949423,0.0000323665,0.0007646182,0.0001438824,0.01447428,0.0003113972,0.00003575813,0.0006725225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003639439,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009545745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000012203,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003169822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990343,0.000001293683,0.0002542091,0.0001796271,0.0002205828,0.0003100012],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994479,0.00003070321,0.0002021819,0.0002567682,0.0000511113,0.00001128505],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002986736,0.00003136061,0.0003817612,0.0001286992,0.00001183599,6.649448e-7,0.0000296571,0.03692482,0.00002519908,0.7858868,0.002273421,0.1742759],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003045625,0.00007824576,0.03543506,0.0004499266,0.0001825663,0.000003001259,0.001491638,0.1787673,0.001832634,0.6574423,0.1199246,0.001347069],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2839972,0.00004490944,0.0480952,0.0002432176,0.0006997383,0.001159523,3.763543e-7,0.000166836,0.665593],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907745,0.000004159559,0.007112115,0.001566394,0.0002964878,0.0000191013,0.000003848032,0.000005462113,0.0002179258],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7067773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993098,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01157392339282741,"score_gpt":0.1925386956462073,"score_spread":0.1809647722533799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}