{"id":"W1993590678","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2008.08.024","title":"Manganese removal during bench-scale biofiltration","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Dalhousie University; Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Biofilter; Manganese; Filtration (mathematics); Oxidizing agent; Biofilm; Water treatment; Chemistry; Adsorption; Population; Bacteria; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Biology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001796461,0.0003711802,0.0004114308,0.000156278,0.0004448114,0.0008064029,0.0003978644,0.0003432972,0.0006354271],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000430162,0.0001612226,0.0002978497,0.0001500877,0.0002014241,0.0003874876,0.0002925533,0.0004646903,0.0001516757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008696706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006548726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01595362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03157909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999809,0.00001373393,0.00001458958,0.00005128319,0.00005026098,0.00006124048],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998289,0.00005507506,0.00002421476,0.00001508292,0.00004249535,0.00003407928],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000571285,0.00008873033,0.001078682,0.00005605462,0.00001858084,0.00005522869,0.00006240184,0.0004496722,0.9942371,0.00002081718,0.00008053081,0.00328095],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002294133,0.0006028431,0.008405623,0.000008106533,0.00002951704,0.00004350009,0.0001009287,0.002397707,0.9877684,0.00002821407,0.0005797507,0.00001250312],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990558,0.0001368636,0.0003373154,0.00003244464,0.00001722386,0.000008037453,0.00009207217,0.00001756915,0.0003025701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976398,0.0002057094,0.0005734686,0.00001787701,0.00000793758,0.000006975445,0.0001786745,0.000009690414,0.001359913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01595362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03172153,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0472721458638983,"score_gpt":0.2705003695189886,"score_spread":0.2232282236550903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}