{"id":"W1993773402","doi":"10.1115/1.4007484","title":"Effects of Reactor Design on the Torrefaction of Biomass","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Energy Resources Technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Biomass (ecology); Process engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Fluidized bed; Yield (engineering); Materials science; Drum; Waste management; Environmental science; Convection; Nuclear engineering; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Mechanics; Pyrolysis; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001242387,0.000581116,0.0006507772,0.0004360107,0.000313583,0.001081811,0.0005714752,0.0006273524,0.001788354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002642972,0.0004556489,0.0005631724,0.0005386162,0.0002814021,0.0008879835,0.0004036918,0.0006569658,0.0005878225],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000380525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002383812,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005957652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001129258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998956,0.0002751947,0.0001409454,0.0002226676,0.000267195,0.0001379476],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984695,0.0008352607,0.0002920111,0.0001016192,0.000246488,0.00005509797],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002595152,0.0001589143,0.003357372,0.001115005,0.00008353863,0.0003236088,0.0001314833,0.005365646,0.9710793,0.0002956557,0.0001752676,0.015319],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005572292,0.002893474,0.01813968,0.00008974387,0.0002209982,0.0002860554,0.0002355182,0.005211703,0.9680097,0.0001289908,0.004678177,0.00005022398],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985349,0.004544553,0.005262375,0.0000797695,0.00009473007,0.00008286477,0.0003854242,0.00009949122,0.004101795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913191,0.002425673,0.004776552,0.00004020699,0.00001583141,0.00005317201,0.0003166586,0.00006442833,0.0009883266],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001788354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006570458,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00713170313995407,"score_gpt":0.1873757469177106,"score_spread":0.1802440437777566,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}