{"id":"W1993954269","doi":"10.1044/1092-4388(2007/092)","title":"Construction of Graphic Symbol Utterances by Children, Teenagers, and Adults: The Effect of Structure and Task Demands","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine","funders":"","keywords":"Utterance; Symbol (formal); Task (project management); Object (grammar); Contrast (vision); Psychology; Linguistics; Communication; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Speech recognition; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001720135,0.00009989532,0.0002668217,0.0002551519,0.0001532076,0.00003377475,0.0001496912,0.00008498399,0.000009160784],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005409,0.00005626159,0.00004069675,0.0002406539,0.0008098475,0.0001130594,0.00008177717,0.000575992,7.901144e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005125448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001425678,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001007965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001532245,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987088,0.000232983,0.0003113589,0.0001813101,0.0003389218,0.0002266152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985308,0.001014996,0.0001862586,0.0001186915,0.00007451112,0.00007471746],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003720469,0.00001146473,0.09029665,0.0001501046,0.00002050519,0.0002054007,0.002447658,2.14734e-7,0.8612049,0.00001493035,0.00004485573,0.04523124],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009281807,0.001132964,0.03276419,0.0002488947,0.00002413916,0.00418711,0.001795796,0.000005430462,0.9587274,0.000095991,0.00001883292,0.00007103936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994042,0.005492134,0.000004285342,0.0001913807,0.00005052703,0.0001676625,0.00001637431,0.000003809113,0.00003181622],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987515,0.000967518,0.00009297194,0.00004251163,0.0001231673,3.144081e-7,6.454137e-7,0.000006973865,0.00001436609],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0975225,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2983917,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01080902882984608,"score_gpt":0.317002906151314,"score_spread":0.306193877321468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}