{"id":"W1994252282","doi":"10.1167/10.8.21","title":"Imperceptibly rapid contrast modulations processed in cortex: Evidence from psychophysics","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Vision","topic":"Neural dynamics and brain function","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Eye Institute; University of California, San Diego; McGill University","keywords":"Contrast (vision); Visual cortex; Spatial frequency; Psychophysics; Refresh rate; Modulation (music); Visual processing; Reversing; Neuroscience; Communication; Optics; Psychology; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Perception; Materials science; Acoustics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002151538,0.00009012904,0.0001566184,0.0001289263,0.00007231707,0.00009369881,0.0002049238,0.00005998814,0.00009146706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005920291,0.00006928976,0.00007253747,0.0003108967,0.00004519533,0.0009395493,0.00001973574,0.0004636895,0.00001606411],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000212083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005058869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001783249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004064258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989435,0.00005414885,0.0003685674,0.0001743392,0.0003344687,0.0001249416],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990142,0.0003470929,0.0003070811,0.0001412011,0.000114665,0.0000757493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001092875,0.0001014559,0.001042317,0.000003554401,0.000001072752,0.00001295385,0.0001035951,0.0001412126,0.9779745,0.0000491931,0.0001260952,0.02033479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001405251,0.000819704,0.8641344,0.0003453723,0.00001773276,0.00007245908,0.00005234893,0.0650897,0.06059198,0.006886756,0.0003691124,0.000215222],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967913,0.00002035339,0.0009143332,0.0009259394,0.001157447,0.00009716434,0.000004666237,0.000008897696,0.00007989179],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988246,0.0001501916,0.0004311106,0.0003021806,0.0002640202,0.000001013217,7.296487e-7,0.000008163689,0.000018005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9173825,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2825554,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02437559288472681,"score_gpt":0.3093913932953544,"score_spread":0.2850158004106276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}