{"id":"W1994521725","doi":"10.1021/ac0496190","title":"Direct Determination of Lead Isotopes (<sup>206</sup>Pb, <sup>207</sup>Pb, <sup>208</sup>Pb) in Arctic Ice Samples at Picogram per Gram Levels Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field MS Coupled with a High-Efficiency Sample Introduction System","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Chemistry","topic":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Isotope; Radiochemistry; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Mass spectrometry; Nuclear physics; Chromatography; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009344814,0.0008144131,0.001360385,0.0002638852,0.0004279329,0.0001298566,0.0008475743,0.0006661122,0.001915553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001589438,0.0007571726,0.0003880813,0.001615069,0.001030438,0.000591876,0.0004493888,0.0008258629,0.0001053748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002888206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001942435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007525917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009697324,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994094,0.0002225193,0.001416336,0.001775966,0.001230147,0.001261044],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968302,0.0009922065,0.0005771699,0.00107466,0.0002145337,0.0003111918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007353703,0.001968015,0.0657156,0.0009173682,0.000519761,0.0001261688,0.002301612,0.783776,0.1428294,0.0002164348,0.0001256695,0.0007684965],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003339651,0.000614427,0.009092284,0.0003279873,0.0009572005,0.0002795513,0.002631233,0.8678909,0.1129532,0.0001947565,0.0002799719,0.001438881],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807112,0.00004418589,0.01735529,0.0003892381,0.00006313905,0.0007463355,0.00006313375,0.0001377859,0.0004897311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894332,0.00001808084,0.009338701,0.0001078356,0.0004264364,0.0001185692,0.000122287,0.00008857925,0.0003463657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08411484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01711848437999328,"score_gpt":0.2380125287513714,"score_spread":0.2208940443713781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}