{"id":"W1995105961","doi":"10.1258/1357633001935806","title":"A fully automated remote refraction system","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare","topic":"Digital Imaging in Medicine","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Winnipeg Regional Health Authority","funders":"","keywords":"Refraction; Dioptre; Operator (biology); Consistency (knowledge bases); Optometry; Subjective refraction; Quarter (Canadian coin); Degree (music); Medicine; Statistics; Optics; Mathematics; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Refractive error; Acoustics; Geography; Visual acuity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004857114,0.0001818606,0.0006168836,0.0002873074,0.00005802327,0.00002437027,0.00008731331,0.00008603033,0.0002497351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000248224,0.0001232874,0.00009892014,0.0003281634,0.0001055354,0.0002263199,0.00001264013,0.00044955,0.00002412207],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001249092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001262361,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003397784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001353223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981915,0.0000371224,0.0007451692,0.0001628197,0.0006155953,0.0002478405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986265,0.00006741782,0.0002988713,0.0002099148,0.0004639485,0.0003333842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001211203,0.0001472574,0.008165483,0.000903103,0.0003577804,0.004402949,0.0006672433,0.00001143795,0.005395902,0.00002443659,0.08829068,0.8904225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0235403,0.01279956,0.1270626,0.01361575,0.002390338,0.1493617,0.007264344,0.01771622,0.002965173,0.000109863,0.6424641,0.0007100095],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600755,0.002278624,0.0001705407,0.005379424,0.0003801046,0.0002333579,0.000002804958,0.0002552513,0.03122438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992696,0.0004279302,0.002646148,0.001166943,0.001164295,6.887637e-7,0.000009683834,0.00002987415,0.001858454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8897125,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5027516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007206060432132488,"score_gpt":0.2752111796529719,"score_spread":0.2680051192208394,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}