{"id":"W1995712432","doi":"10.1002/ep.11606","title":"Acid‐catalyzed esterification of naphthenic acids","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Catalysis; Methanol; Biodiesel; Chemistry; Tailings; Naphthenic acid; Sulfuric acid; Biodiesel production; Organic chemistry; Oil sands; Acid value; Sulfonic acid; Toluene; Pulp and paper industry; Nuclear chemistry; Materials science; Asphalt; Biochemistry; Corrosion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002116963,0.0005051418,0.0002611186,0.000317941,0.0001536575,0.000154804,0.0002677571,0.0002438817,0.001389011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002368637,0.0001577424,0.0003066787,0.0002666934,0.0001208454,0.0003888905,0.0002620871,0.0003468772,0.0006562328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002698383,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002547447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001385376,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00320194,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998664,0.00001846736,0.00001166645,0.00002266828,0.00004250987,0.00003827697],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999392,0.0000147347,0.00001070625,0.0000065066,0.00001774039,0.00001103223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001073599,0.00003646266,0.0001182787,0.0001140177,0.00001436986,0.0000764885,0.00002342943,0.0004675233,0.9942464,0.0001489175,0.00005714329,0.004589526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004118266,0.00007838246,0.0002734473,0.00000203967,0.000004957728,0.00002613809,0.000005658837,0.0004385184,0.9983758,0.00001699426,0.0007709402,0.000002953556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9801481,0.002555199,0.01014203,0.00005914925,0.00007304361,0.00007968591,0.000462411,0.00009439501,0.00638607],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9868181,0.002298807,0.005421162,0.00002861369,0.00001498895,0.00002909552,0.0004162392,0.00002284456,0.004950148],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001389011,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004646659,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004868252712539219,"score_gpt":0.2081181145944142,"score_spread":0.203249861881875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}