{"id":"W1996356709","doi":"10.1145/1831407.1831419","title":"Risks of undisciplined development","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the ACM","topic":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Field (mathematics); Risk analysis (engineering); Software engineering; Engineering ethics; Data science; Engineering; Business; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":["open_science"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003036837,0.00003356519,0.00005314085,0.00002955644,0.00008206861,0.00001040992,0.02762701,0.00002446482,0.000002718446],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002967109,0.00002428343,0.00002666225,0.0001850946,0.00006581641,0.00009807185,0.01724748,0.0001463531,0.00000224169],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000435496,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004694646,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002318389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000215802,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996693,0.00002710871,0.000136093,0.00004954002,0.00007375682,0.00004422879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9796434,0.0003857684,0.000123776,0.0197735,0.00006138899,0.00001217729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007209099,0.0006340814,0.03114534,0.00008199579,0.000133601,1.671485e-7,0.006332522,0.0002552778,0.06395268,0.7705625,0.01576175,0.1111329],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002347731,0.00003770795,0.2054032,0.00009401892,0.00002315153,0.000009408977,0.00003527938,0.006024241,0.2796058,0.3150942,0.1931666,0.0002715835],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.4839888,0.0009278717,0.4051526,0.09969199,0.00107769,0.0006269367,0.000006859133,0.0007098273,0.007817368],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4725127,0.00001286445,0.5274443,0.000008369772,0.000001800348,0.000004917079,3.107096e-7,0.000001348923,0.00001343046],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4554682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9907008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1303770243941166,"score_gpt":0.3838059299399523,"score_spread":0.2534289055458357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}