{"id":"W1996363623","doi":"10.1016/s1384-1076(02)00102-1","title":"The hierarchical origin of galaxy morphologies","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New Astronomy","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":244,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Accretion (finance); Galaxy; Galaxy formation and evolution; Star formation; Structure formation; Galaxy merger; Universe; Field (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001126347,0.0001505763,0.0001639164,0.00004606656,0.0001998477,0.00004620359,0.0003243072,0.00002675302,0.001856844],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007275472,0.000114313,0.0001058687,0.0001421035,0.0001734726,0.0002018127,0.00006998776,0.0001729844,0.0002812546],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003883036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006785749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001610321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003902827,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989634,0.00004213302,0.0003278344,0.0001624461,0.0001670198,0.0003372292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992333,0.00009407759,0.0001594245,0.0003652733,0.00005072603,0.00009719589],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005806435,0.00003584876,0.9454733,0.000002023892,0.00004006845,3.565588e-9,0.0002953779,0.00005539888,0.00002948027,0.02658756,0.01599609,0.0114791],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004856494,0.000050046,0.9256548,0.000005587733,0.00001329001,6.417492e-7,0.0003430244,0.0003794478,0.0002452025,0.004432667,0.06826721,0.0001224696],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9827308,0.0001030824,0.007087529,0.0006344697,0.0001917554,0.0001922676,0.00001139174,0.00004391823,0.009004774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905861,0.000003304288,0.005080692,0.000001550429,0.0003734424,0.00002447235,0.00001525409,0.00001275071,0.003902434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05227113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990556,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01518447399414105,"score_gpt":0.2215628969473227,"score_spread":0.2063784229531816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}