{"id":"W1996775431","doi":"10.1007/s11663-011-9525-2","title":"Simulation of Slag Freeze Layer Formation: Part II: Numerical Model","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","topic":"Freezing and Crystallization Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University Medical Centre","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Minnesota","keywords":"Prandtl number; Materials science; Viscosity; Mechanics; Heat transfer; Adiabatic process; Phase (matter); Boundary layer; Thermodynamics; Control volume; Rayleigh number; Front (military); Chemistry; Composite material; Natural convection; Physics; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002051285,0.0004656772,0.0008929882,0.0003543512,0.0006788002,0.000700071,0.001039939,0.001565943,0.003719153],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00104012,0.0004370214,0.0005715796,0.000597299,0.000814381,0.0006063123,0.0005589994,0.0006120874,0.0002988347],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001158192,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00134401,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02456434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007917903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998916,0.00001811233,0.000005004418,0.00001851237,0.00003440278,0.00003222053],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999694,0.0001525485,0.00003296131,0.00003305651,0.00005347129,0.00003392437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002143631,0.0000210845,0.000355827,0.00001606731,0.000004639294,0.00003459532,0.00001468681,0.996516,0.001292905,0.0009458268,0.0001132788,0.0006635846],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001462918,0.00001035848,0.000159216,0.0000022242,0.000001890893,0.000005988828,0.000009316734,0.9987476,0.0006078768,0.0002507041,0.0001866473,0.000003494328],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8427806,0.0007427818,0.1091098,0.0006664718,0.0001720617,0.0003002417,0.001812988,0.0008149275,0.0436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807809,0.0002106445,0.01308246,0.0000728343,0.00001547794,0.0001756871,0.0005756545,0.00009949003,0.004986913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02456434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04884267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04166675940989462,"score_gpt":0.2154669184112718,"score_spread":0.1738001590013772,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}