{"id":"W1996784084","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v6n8p161","title":"Does Foreign Capital Crowd–Out Domestic Saving in Developing Countries? An Empirical Investigation of Ghana","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"International Development and Aid","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Foreign direct investment; Short run; Economics; Capital (architecture); Investment (military); Work (physics); Developing country; Capital deepening; Capital Consumption Allowance; Crowding out; Foreign capital; Monetary economics; Capital formation; Capital flight; Financial capital; International economics; Macroeconomics; Market economy; Human capital; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007411448,0.00006125425,0.0001383113,0.0001596188,0.00005642248,0.00007412751,0.0002413777,0.00004700325,0.00001242694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001489258,0.00005027066,0.00003051395,0.00003321793,0.0001296105,0.000551466,0.00002760374,0.00007248105,0.000001567173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001591768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002737659,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001076217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001165752,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992239,0.00003703438,0.0004198823,0.0000929298,0.000129476,0.00009678311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991426,0.0001339446,0.0003800853,0.0000304415,0.0002811293,0.00003175445],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005271844,0.00001692127,0.1378009,0.000005145795,0.00002867341,0.000006935277,0.008456295,0.0005089251,0.00001778864,0.85045,0.00004704677,0.002608607],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001530212,0.0001447827,0.4736387,0.0004147103,0.00001125835,0.00002507305,0.001891959,0.005675177,0.0009072471,0.4613716,0.05401383,0.0003754468],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9930363,0.00003210782,0.0004140136,0.004355722,0.0007615574,0.00003467012,0.00000467129,0.000001614195,0.001359312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951085,0.00122833,0.002908023,0.0003745059,0.0002925599,0.000001060891,0.000002953627,0.000004167651,0.00007985374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3890784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2049978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02136071404771588,"score_gpt":0.2926635732807709,"score_spread":0.271302859233055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}