{"id":"W1997601866","doi":"10.1007/s11666-009-9363-9","title":"Assessment of CFD Modeling via Flow Visualization in Cold Spray Process","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","topic":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Marshallplan-Jubiläumsstiftung","keywords":"Mechanics; Materials science; Turbulence; Computational fluid dynamics; Mass flow rate; Flow (mathematics); Particulates; Particle (ecology); Two-phase flow; Volumetric flow rate; Pressure drop; Mass flow; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003987507,0.0001327906,0.0003323461,0.0005400379,0.00001827884,0.000009405429,0.0003352697,0.0002170489,0.00001323627],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005540341,0.0001288184,0.00005830307,0.0005582173,0.00003149342,0.0002044818,0.00002013882,0.0004171745,0.000001470512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001659925,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004123761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.131073e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005916029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987349,0.00002379998,0.0006779039,0.00009536937,0.0002269723,0.0002410412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994422,0.00001863239,0.0001719105,0.0001757193,0.0001524909,0.00003903378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008583345,0.00006941544,0.00265741,0.00001649876,0.00001898592,0.00001585786,0.00003572415,0.5937312,0.3999917,0.001361933,0.000002864254,0.002089856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005088658,0.0001891378,0.001136721,0.0000803185,0.00001712914,0.00003858972,0.00003923751,0.9308523,0.06564464,0.001363195,0.00001657023,0.0001132721],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8833373,0.0002374035,0.1155939,0.0001283919,0.000172424,0.00009629694,0.000001207797,0.00007819456,0.0003548827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9912243,0.00004398296,0.008637879,0.00002171057,0.00004440519,0.000003039144,5.422597e-7,0.00002175339,0.000002364822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3371211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5253062,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007564276396907744,"score_gpt":0.2831132029285963,"score_spread":0.2755489265316885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}