{"id":"W1997815256","doi":"10.1021/jp0680342","title":"A Multisolute Osmotic Virial Equation for Solutions of Interest in Biology","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B","topic":"Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Virial coefficient; Thermodynamics; Osmotic coefficient; Ternary operation; Virial theorem; Virial expansion; Aqueous solution; Mixing (physics); Chemistry; Activity coefficient; Osmotic pressure; Osmotic concentration; Physics; Physical chemistry; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004569268,0.00006422728,0.0001511783,0.0000199661,0.00003640965,0.000002162898,0.0001501571,0.00004853601,0.000004480752],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002951162,0.0000444272,0.0001583164,0.00007220697,0.00009436217,0.000004013777,0.00004966245,0.000103237,5.364926e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001926325,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002359449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001637958,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002026115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994451,0.00002430586,0.0002906365,0.00006642649,0.00004256616,0.0001309858],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993405,0.0001034176,0.0002605426,0.0001061843,0.0001627175,0.00002666166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003690351,0.0001089973,0.00009692784,0.00001254113,0.00007593109,2.839607e-7,0.00007145748,0.0001360507,0.9976519,0.00006415011,0.0001227487,0.001289913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007209968,0.0003019224,0.0003225069,0.00003005227,0.00006894135,0.00001191399,0.0002997112,0.00125311,0.9954099,0.0009304244,0.0005842439,0.00006629981],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9185539,0.0001689889,0.08095882,0.0001513316,0.00004715368,0.00005944173,0.00001151877,8.462798e-7,0.00004804094],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999173,0.00003251895,0.0002076668,0.00001857747,0.0005264085,0.000002045837,0.000006594176,0.00000428665,0.0000288891],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08075115,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1811689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06232803664779086,"score_gpt":0.3407210909920185,"score_spread":0.2783930543442277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}