{"id":"W1997936751","doi":"10.1177/0885412202239139","title":"Distance Education: a Bibliographic Review for Educational Planners and Policymakers 1992-2002","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Planning Literature","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McMaster University","keywords":"Distance education; Quality (philosophy); Higher education; Economics education; Sociology; Public relations; Political science; Mathematics education; Economic growth; Psychology; Pedagogy; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001298017,0.0002846759,0.001038932,0.001517817,0.0003479079,0.0003346941,0.0003005887,0.0003205624,0.00005148798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006252626,0.0002184541,0.0005169027,0.002965243,0.00009807343,0.000364777,0.00001123908,0.0009101837,0.000001829254],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008612852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004059689,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005193157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000430831,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979431,0.0003917962,0.0007389144,0.0002291337,0.0003971056,0.0002999511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973629,0.0005219147,0.001357237,0.0001329576,0.0003798464,0.0002451671],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008861619,0.00007698566,0.00008624035,0.02994827,0.0001838832,0.00001178709,0.001309816,6.516742e-7,2.485854e-8,0.005886034,0.5716904,0.3907971],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007591652,0.00004227139,0.000004871782,0.137041,0.0004396746,0.0002000629,0.000211316,9.145744e-8,2.554879e-9,0.0002562335,0.8615334,0.0001951236],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001210461,0.9928753,0.00002004194,0.003004977,0.0009499461,0.0004310842,0.00007473318,0.00000794668,0.002634807],"genre_scores_gemma":[7.694064e-7,0.988637,0.004296258,0.0006278574,0.003048716,0.00002752566,0.0001165192,0.00002695288,0.003218395],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.390602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8908299,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03992253078425068,"score_gpt":0.4343566898200305,"score_spread":0.3944341590357798,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}